Morphological, physiological, pests and diseases responses of citrus seedling cultivars, and their contribution to cultivar classification under nursery house and open field
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2021.v33.i5.2695Abstract
Information of morphological, physiological, and pests and diseases traits between Siam or Tangerine (C. nobilis L.) and Keprok or Mandarin (C. sinensis) seedlings group under nursery and open filed condition in Indonesia has limited. The contribution of morphological and physiological characters to cultivar classification of Siam and Mandarin group has also not been yet documented. The aims of this research were to evaluate the morphological, physiological, pests and diseases responses of citrus seedling cultivars, and their contribution to cultivar classification. This research was conducted at Tlekung Experimental Garden, Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute, Batu, East Java, Indonesia from February to December 2020. One-year-old budded seedlings were planted in plastic bags (size 15x30 cm) and put in both a nursery house and open field. The plastic bags were filled with mixed media (rice hull, soil, and compost) with the ratio of 1:1:1. The experimental design was a Two Stage Nested Design consisted of two factors, these were factor A: locations (nursery house and open field) and factor B as a nested-on factor A: cultivars (Siam cv. Pontianak, Siam cv. Banjar, Siam cv. Madu, Keprok cv. Kacang, Keprok cv. Terigas, Keprok cv. Madura and Keprok cv. Gayo). The results showed that the highest flush growth percentage was showed by Keprok cv. Madura grown under open field condition, while the biggest rootstock diameter was obtained from Siam cv. Madu grown in nursery house. Siam cv. Madu grown in open field also produced the highest root dry weight and stomata density. In terms of pests and diseases, aphids (Aphis gossypii) and leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella) have only been affected by locations, while for diseases was not found in this study. Contribution of morphological and physiological traits to citrus cultivars classification were about 64.70%. The average percentage of change in growth and develop capacity of Keprok group from open field to the nursery house increased by 2.35%, whereas for Siam one tended to decrease by 8.96%. In general, responses of morphological and/or physiological traits between Siam and mandarin group two locations were varied. Morphological and physiological traits may also useful for supporting genetically evaluation in improving citrus breeding programs.
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References
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Brown, C.E., Mickelbart, M.V. & Jacobs, D.F. 2014. Leaf physiology and biomass allocation of backcross hybrid American chestnut (Castanea dentata) seedlings in response to light and water availability. Tree Physiology, 34:1362–1375. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpu094
Budiarto, R., Santosa, E., Efendi, D. & Agusta, A. 2019. Agronomical and physiological characters of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) seedling under artificial shading and pruning. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 31 (3):222-230 http://www.ejfa.me/R May. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2019.v31.i3.1920
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Doyle, J.J.; Doyle J.L. 1990. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus, 12:13-15.
Dunn, J., Hunt, L., Afsharinafar, M., Meselmani, M.Al, Mitchell, A., Howells, R., Wallington, E., & Fleming, A. J. 2019. Reduced stomatal density in bread wheat leads to increased water-use efficiency. J. of Experimental Botany 70(18): 4737–4747. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz248
García-sánchez, F., Simón, I., Lidón, V., Manera, F.J., Simón-grao, S., Pérez-pérez, J.G., & Gimeno, V. 2015. Shade screen increases the vegetative growth but not the production in ‘Fino 49’ lemon trees grafted on Citrus macrophylla and Citrus aurantium. Scientia Horticulturae, 194:175–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.08.005
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Haase, D.L. 2008. Understanding Forest Seedling Quality : Measurements and Interpretation. Tree Planters’ Notes, 52(2): 24-30 January 2008.
Handl, Z.A. 2016. Response Sour Orange Citrus aurantium L. Seedlings in a Local Class Proline and Sodium Chloride in Avoid Damage to Salt Stress Salt. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol. App.Sci, 5(10): 1066-1071
Hong, T., Lin, H., & He, D. 2018. Characteristics and correlations of leaf stomata in different Aleurites montana provenances. PLoS ONE, 13(12):10 pp
Incesu, M., Yeşilog, T., Çimen, B., & Yılmaz, B. 2016. Effects of nursery shading on plant growth , chlorophyll content and PSII in ‘Lane Late’ navel orange seedlings. Acta Hortic. 1130: 301-306. ISHS 2016. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1130.44
Kalaitzaki, A., Awad, S., Malandraki, E., Papapetrou, P.D., Livieratos, I., & Margaritopoulos, J.T. 2019. Aphid species composition in populations from citrus orchards in a region of the island of Crete. Bulletin of Insectology, 72(1):143–133.
Kavallieratos, N. G., Stathas, G. J., & Tomanović, Ž. 2004. Seasonal abundance of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) and predators (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of aphids infesting citrus in Greece. Biologia - Section Zoology, 59(2): 191–196.
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Lebbal, S., & Laamari, M. 2016. Population dynamics of aphids (Aphididae) on orange (Citrus sinensis ’Thomson navel’) and Mandarin (Citrus reticulata ’Blanco’). Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 107(1): 137–145. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2016.107.1.14
Li, Z., Zhang, R., Xia, S., Wang, L., Liu, C., Zhang, R., Fan, Z., Chen, F., & Liu, Y. 2019. Interactions between N , P and K fertilizers affect the environment and the yield and quality of satsumas. Global Ecology and Conservation, 19. 12 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00663
M. Abul-Soud, Abdrabbo, M.A. & Farag, A.A. 2014. Increasing Soil Organic Matter Content as a Key Factor for Sustainable Increasing Soil Organic Matter Content as a Key Factor for Sustainable Production of Sweet Pepper. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 3(6): 707-723, January. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJPSS/2014/8173
Mahmood, A., Hu, Y., Tanny, J. & Asante, E.A. 2018. Effects of shading and insect-proof screens on crop microclimate and production: A review of recent advances. Scientia Horticulturae, 241:241-251. Issue October. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.078
Manja, K., & Aoun, M. 2019. The use of nets for tree fruit crops and their impact on the production: A review. Scientia Horticulturae, 246: 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.10.050
Marroqu´ın, C., Olmos, A., Gorris, M.T., Bertolini, E., Mart´ınez, M.C., Carbonell, E.A., Mendoza, A.H. de & Cambra, M. 2004. Estimation of the number of aphids carrying Citrus tristeza virus that visit adult citrus trees. Virus Research, 100: 101–108.
Martasari, C. 2012. Characterization of Indonesian “Siam” Cultivar (Citrus nobilis Lour.) by Morphological and ISSR Markers. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 7(10): 830–835.
Matjaž, Č., & Primož, S. 2010. Root distribution of under-planted European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) below the canopy of a mature Norway spruce stand as a function of light. European Journal of Forest Research, 129 (4): 531–539). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-009-0352-9
Mattos Jr, D., Hippler, F.W.R., Boaretto, R.M., Stuchi, E.S., & Quaggio, J.A. 2017. Soil boron fertilization : The role of nutrient sources and rootstocks in citrus production. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(7):1609–1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61492-2
Mditshwa, A., Samukelo, L., & Zeray, S. 2019. Shade netting on subtropical fruit : Eff ect on environmental conditions, tree physiology and fruit quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 256 (108556), 10pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108556
Nyoka, B.I., Kamanga, R., Njoloma, J., Jamnadass, R., & Mng, S. 2018. Quality of tree seedlings produced in nurseries in Malawi : an assessment of morphological attributes Quality of tree seedlings produced in nurseries in Malawi : Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 8028:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2018.1443027
Ortas, I., & Ustuner, O. 2014. Scientia Horticulturae Determination of different growth media and various mycorrhizae species on citrus growth and nutrient uptake. Scientia Horticulturae, 166: 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.12.014
Ozturk, A., & Serdar, U. 2016. Effects of different nursery conditions on the plant development and some leaf characteristics in Chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(10):1218-1223.
Penjor, T., Mimura, T., Matsumoto, R., Yamamoto, M., & Nagano, Y. 2014. Characterization of limes (Citrus aurantifolia) grown in Bhutan and Indonesia using high-throughput sequencing. Scientific Reports, 4:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04853
Perumal, M., Wasli, M. E., & Ying, H.O.S.O.O. 2019. Influences of inorganic and organic fertilizers to morphological quality attributes of Shorea macrophylla seedlings in a tropical nursery. Biodiversitas, 20(8): 2110–2118. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200803
Purnomo, P., & Khotimah, N. 2019. Variations and Phenetic Analysis of Peanut Cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) Based on Morphological Characteristics. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 4(1): 24-31. https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.39390
Ramanjaneyulu, A.V., Indudhar Reddy, K., Spandana Bhatt, P., Neelima, T.L., & Srinivas, A. 2017. Influence of pigeonpea varieties, N levels and planting methods on yield and economics under rainfed conditions. Legume Research, 40(5): 911–915. https://doi.org/10.18805/lr.v0i0.7291
Raveh, E., Cohen, S., & Yakir, D. 2003. Increased growth of young citrus trees under reduced radiation load in a semi-arid climate. Journal Experimental Botani, 54 (381): 365-373. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erg009
Rohlf, F. J. 1992. Ntsys-Pc, Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system version 1.80. Applied Biostatistics, Setauket, NY.
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Published
2021-07-28
How to Cite
., H., N. F. Devy, S. Susanto, A. Sugiyatno, M. Dwiastuti, and S. Widyaningsih. “Morphological, Physiological, Pests and Diseases Responses of Citrus Seedling Cultivars, and Their Contribution to Cultivar Classification under Nursery House and Open Field”. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, vol. 33, no. 5, July 2021, pp. 370-8, doi:10.9755/ejfa.2021.v33.i5.2695.
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Section
Research Article
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