Evaluation of drought resistance in Iris germanica L. based on subordination function and principal component analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2017.v29.i10.1260Keywords:
Cluster analysis; Drought resistance; Iris germanica; Principal component analysis; Subordination function analysisAbstract
Drought is one of the major environment stresses that have a wide range of impact on plants. In this study, seven physiological indexes including the content of soluble protein (SP), chlorophyll (Chl) and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, leaf relative water content (RWC), rate of water loss (RWL) from excised leaves were measured in leaves of Iris germanica before and after the drought treatment. It was found that the content of MDA and SP, POD and SOD activity increased, while RWL and RWC decreased in response to drought stress. Based on the subordinate function values of seven physiological indexes, seven single indexes were transformed into three principal components namely damage degree, active oxygen removal ability and moisture condition and the composite score (F value) of each iris variety was calculated by principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the F values, 10 iris cultivars could be divided into three groups by cluster analysis (CA): drought-resistance (2 varieties), medium drought-resistance (5 varieties), and low drought-resistance (3 varieties). Meanwhile, optimum regression equation was constructed. Therefore, this work provides a comprehensive and reliable method for evaluating drought resistance in the varieties of Iris germanica.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Azimi, M. H., S. Y. Sadeghian, V. R. Ahari, F. Khazaei and A. F. Hafashjani. 2012. Genetic variation of Iranian Iris species using morphological characteristics and RAPD markers. Int. J. AgriScience. 2(9): 875-889.
Bai, W., P. Li, B. Li, H. Fujiyama and F. Fan. 2008. Some physiological responses of Chinese Iris to salt stress.Pedosphere. 18(4): 454-463.
Bano, A., F. Ullah and A. Nosheen. 2012. Role of abscisic acid and drought stress on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in wheat. Plant Soil Environ. 58(4): 181-185.
Cao, X., F. Jiang, X. Wang, Y. Zang and Z. Wu.2015. Comprehensive evaluation and screening for chilling-tolerance in tomato lines at the seedling stage. Euphytica. 205: 569–584.
Cerasela, P., L. Simona, V. Giancarla, D. Marcel, L. Alexandru, C. Iuliana and B. Maria. 2014. Genetic stability of micropropagated Iris germanica L. varieties assessed by RAPD markers. Rom. Biotech. Lett. 19(5): 9778-9784.
Elsheery, N. I. and K. Cao. 2008. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and osmotic adjustment in two mango cultivars under drought stress. Acta Physiol. Plant. 30(6): 769-777.
Fu, L., Z. Ding, B. Han, W. Hu, Y. Li and J. Zhang. 2016. Physiological investigation and transcriptome analysis of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced dehydration stress in cassava. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17(3): 283-301.
Golparvar, A. R. 2012. Assessment of drought stress effects on RWC and chlorophyll content in rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Tech. J. Engin. & App. Sci. 2(11): 404-407.
Guan, G., Y. Wang, H. Cheng, Z. Jiang and J. Fei. 2015. Physiological and biochemical response to drought stress in the leaves of Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia obovata. Ecotoxicology. 24(7): 1668-1676.
Han, R., X. Lu, G. Gao and X. Yang. 2006. Analysis of the principal components and the subordinate function of Alfalfa drought resistance. Acta Agrestia Sin. 14(2): 142-146.
Han, Y., H. Yuan, S. Huang, Z. Guo, B. Xia and J. Gu. 2007. Cadmium tolerance and accumulation by two species of Iris. Ecotoxicology. 16(8): 557-563.
Hassan, I. A. 2006. Effects of water stress and high temperature on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in Triticum aestivum L. Photosynthetica. 44(2): 312-315.
Hu, B., Y. Wan, X. Li, J. Lei, X. Luo, W. Yan and J. Xie. 2012. Analysis on genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in rice (Oryza sativa) core collection and its comprehensive assessment. Acta Agron. Sin. 38(5): 829-839.
Huang, J., H. Yu, X. Guan, G. Wang and R. Guo. 2016. Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change. Nat. Clim. Change. 6(2): 166-171.
Karamizadeh, S., S. M. Abdullah, A. A. Manaf, M. Zamani and A. Hooman. 2013. An overview of principal component analysis. J. Signal Inform. Process. 4(3B): 173-175.
Karihaloo, V., J. L. Karihaloo and A. K. Koul. 1993. Structural heterozygosity in Iris variegata L. Caryologia. 46(1): 77-85.
Kawai, T., Y. Tada, M. Shinoda, R. Tsuchiya, T. Morii, T. Suzuki and K. Tseedulam. 2014. Simple method of shallow groundwater exploration by groundwater aeration sound in semi-arid grassland. J. Arid Land Stud. 24(1):245-248.
Khalid, K. A. 2006. Influence of water stress on growth, essential oil, and chemical composition of herbs (Ocimum sp.). Int. Agrophysics. 20(4): 289-296.
Kutlu, N., R. Terzi̇, Ç. Tekeli̇, G. ŞEnel, P. Battal and A. Kadi̇oğlu. 2009. Changes in anatomical structure and levels of endogenous phytohormones during leaf rolling in Ctenanthe setosa under drought stress. Turk. J. Biol. 33(2): 115-122.
Li, D., C. Li, H. Sun, W. Wang, L. Liu and Y. Zhang. 2010. Effects of drought on soluble protein content and protective enzyme system in cotton leaves. Front. Agric. China. 4, 56–62.
Liu, Q., H. Sun and D. He. 2005. Plant responses to the high temperature and moisture stress. J. China West Normal Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. 26(4): 364-368.
Liu, T., M. Sheng, C. Wang, H. Chen, Z. Li and M. Tang. 2015. Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth, water status, and photosynthesis of hybrid poplar under drought stress and recovery. Photosynthetica. 53(2): 250-258.
Liu, Z., C. Zhang and G. Zhou. 2013. Study on principal component analysis of residents happiness index. JDCTA. 7(6): 593-600.
Ma, C., Q. Li, Y. Gao and T. Xin. 2004. Effects of silicon application on drought resistance of cucumber plants. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 50 (5): 623- 632.
Mafakheri, A., A. Siosemardeh, B. Bahramnejad, P. C. Struik and Y. Sohrabi. 2011. Effect of drought stress and subsequent recovery on protein, carbohydrate contents, catalase and peroxidase activities in three chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5(10): 1255-1260.
Mohammadkhani, N. and R. Heidari. 2008. Effects of drought stress on soluble proteins in two maize varieties. Turk. J. Biol. 32(1): 23-30.
Ohashi, Y., N. Nakayama, H. Saneoka and K. Fujita. 2006. Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and stem diameter of soybean plants. Biol. Plantarum. 50(1): 138-141.
Oybak Dönmez, E. and S. IşIk. 2008. Pollen morphology of Turkish Amaryllidaceae, Ixioliriaceae and Iridaceae. Grana. 47(1): 15-38.
Paknejad, F., M. Nasri, H. R. T. Moghadam and H. Zahedi. 2007. Effects of drought stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat cultivars. J. Biol. Sci. 7(6): 841-847.
Parr, J. F., R. I. Papendick, S. B. Hornick and D. Colacicco.1989.Use of organic amendments for increasing the productivity of arid lands. Arid Soil Res. Rehab. 3(2):149-170.
Patanè, C., D. Scordia, G. Testa and S. L. Cosentino. 2016. Physiological screening for drought tolerance in Mediterranean long-storage tomato. Plant Sci. 249: 25-34.
Pinar, N. M. and E. O. Dönmez. 2000. Pollen morphology of Turkish Iris L. (Iridaceae) with reference to evolutionary trends at the infrageneric level. Isr. J. Plant Sci. 48(2): 129-141.
Qin, P., Y. Lin, Y. Hu, K. Liu, S. Mao, Z. Li, J. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Wei and Y. Zheng.2016. Genome-wide association study of drought-related resistance traits in Aegilops tauschii. Genet. Mol. Biol. 39(3):398-407.
Rodriguez, P., A. Torrecillas, M. Morales, M. Ortuno and M. Sanchezblanco. 2005. Effects of NaCl salinity and water stress on growth and leaf water relations of Asteriscus maritimus plants. Environ. Exp. Bot. 53(2): 113-123.
Shen, D., X. Liu, D. Tang and D. Huang. 2012. Germination characteristics and heat tolerance in seeds of Spinacia oleracea L. under various high-temperature stresses. J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. Agric. Sci. 30(4): 31-38.
Shi, X., P. Mao, G. Zhang and L. Meng. 2007. The comparison of drought resistance on 15 Chinese Iris germplasm at seedling stage. Acta Agrestia Sin. 15(4): 352-358.
Shi, Y., L. Wan, J. Liu, Y. Wang, R. Guo, X. Wu and X. Li. 2010. Analysis of the principal components and the subordinate function of Lolium perenne drought resistance. Acta Agrestia Sin. 18(5): 669-672.
Soltys-Kalina, D., J. Plich, D. Strzelczyk-Zyta, J. Sliwka and W. Marczewski. 2016. The effect of drought stress on the leaf relative water content and tuber yield of a half-sib family of 'Katahdin'-derived potato cultivars. Breed Sci. 66(2): 328-331.
Teulat, B., N. Zoumarou-Wallis, B. Rotter, S. M. Ben, H. Bahri and D. This. 2003. QTL for relative water content in field-grown barley and their stability across Mediterranean environments. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108(1): 181–188.
Tian, Z., F. Wang, W. Zhang and X. Zhao. 2011. Drought-resistance evaluation of marigold cultivars based on multiple statistics analysis. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. 22(12): 3315-3320.
Wang, J., M. Zhou, R. Xu, C. Lu and Z. Huang. 2007. Studies on selecting indices and evaluation methods for barley’s (Hordeum vulgare L.) waterlogging tolerance. Sci. Agric. Sin. 40(10): 2145-2152.
Wang, J. , W. Ye, D. Wang, W. Fan and S.Wang. 2011. Germination characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of 41 accessions of cotton germplasm at seed germination stage under PEG-6000 stress. J. Plant Genet. Resour. 12(6): 840-846.
Wang, L. , G. Liu and S. Li. 2015. Comprehensive groundwater quality assessment in deyang area of sichuan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(s2): 411-414.
Wegener, C. B., G. Jansen and H. U. Jurgens. 2014. Influence of drought and wounding stress on soluble phenols and proteins in potato tubers. SAR. 3(3): 1-15.
Weng, M., L. Cui, F. Liu, M. Zhang, L. Shan, S. Yang and X. Deng. 2015. Effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes in seedlings of different wheat genotypes. Pak. J. Bot. 47(1): 49-56.
Xu, J., J. Xia and Q. Li. 2007. Database cluster preprocessing with principal component extraction. J. Shanghai Univ., Nat. Sci. 13(6): 705-710.
Yang, J., X. Zhang, Y. Peng, L. Huang, X. Liang, K. Wang, G. Yin and X. Zhao. 2014a. Osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression patterns in leaves of orchardgrass during drought stress and recovery. Grassl. Sci. 60(3): 131-141.
Yang, P., Q. Huang, G. Qin, S. Zhao and J. Zhou. 2014b. Different drought-stress responses in photosynthesis and reactive oxygen metabolism between autotetraploid and diploid rice. Photosynthetica. 52(2): 193-202.
Yasmin, H., A. Bano and S. Ullah. 2013. Sceeening of PGPR isolates from semi-arid and their implcation to alleviate drought stress. Pak. J. Bot. 45(SI): 51-58.
Zaefyzadeh, M., R. A. Quliyev, S. M. Babayeva and M. A. Abbasov.2009.The Effect of the interaction between genotypes and drought Stress on the superoxide dismutase and chlorophyll content in durum wheat landraces. Turk. J. Biol. 33(1):1-7.
Zeng, H., G. Wen, X. Luo, L. Zeng, L. Wang and J. Xu. 2016. Comprehensive evaluation of four light green roof plants on drought resistance. Pratacultural Sci. 33(6): 1084-1093.
Zhang, C. and W. Chen. 2013. Physiological-ecological responses of Iris germanica L. to Cd stress and its accumulation of Cd. Acta Ecol. Sin. 33(7):2165-2172.
Zhang, F., K. Zhang, C. Du, J. Li, Y. Xing, L. Yang and Y. Li. 2015a. Effect of drought stress on anatomical structure and chloroplast ultrastructure in leaves of sugarcane. Sugar Tech. 17(1): 41-48.
Zhang, F., Y. Wang, Z. Lou and J. Dong. 2007a. Effect of heavy metal stress on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of two mangrove plant seedlings (Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). Chemosphere. 67(1): 44-50.
Zhang, M., L. Duan, X. Tian, Z. He, J. Li, B. Wang and Z. Li. 2007b. Uniconazole-induced tolerance of soybean to water deficit stress in relation to changes in photosynthesis, hormones and antioxidant system. J. Plant Physiol. 164(6): 709-717.
Zhang, M., Z. Peng, B. Xie, F. Tan, Q. Zang, Y. Fu, C. Yang and Y. Yang. 2004. Relationship between water loss rate of cutting leaves and osmotic regulators under water stress and drought resistance in sweet potato. Sci. Agric. Sin. 37(1): 152-156.
Zhang, T., Y. Cao, Y. Chen and G. Liu. 2015b. Non-structural carbohydrate dynamics in Robinia pseudoacacia, saplings under three levels of continuous drought stress. Trees. 29(6): 1837–1849.
Zhang, Z. and Q. Yao. 2005. Application of the principle component analysis on mango storage characteristic. Subtrcpical Plants Sci. 34(2): 25-28.
Bai, W., P. Li, B. Li, H. Fujiyama and F. Fan. 2008. Some physiological responses of Chinese Iris to salt stress.Pedosphere. 18(4): 454-463.
Bano, A., F. Ullah and A. Nosheen. 2012. Role of abscisic acid and drought stress on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in wheat. Plant Soil Environ. 58(4): 181-185.
Cao, X., F. Jiang, X. Wang, Y. Zang and Z. Wu.2015. Comprehensive evaluation and screening for chilling-tolerance in tomato lines at the seedling stage. Euphytica. 205: 569–584.
Cerasela, P., L. Simona, V. Giancarla, D. Marcel, L. Alexandru, C. Iuliana and B. Maria. 2014. Genetic stability of micropropagated Iris germanica L. varieties assessed by RAPD markers. Rom. Biotech. Lett. 19(5): 9778-9784.
Elsheery, N. I. and K. Cao. 2008. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and osmotic adjustment in two mango cultivars under drought stress. Acta Physiol. Plant. 30(6): 769-777.
Fu, L., Z. Ding, B. Han, W. Hu, Y. Li and J. Zhang. 2016. Physiological investigation and transcriptome analysis of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced dehydration stress in cassava. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17(3): 283-301.
Golparvar, A. R. 2012. Assessment of drought stress effects on RWC and chlorophyll content in rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Tech. J. Engin. & App. Sci. 2(11): 404-407.
Guan, G., Y. Wang, H. Cheng, Z. Jiang and J. Fei. 2015. Physiological and biochemical response to drought stress in the leaves of Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia obovata. Ecotoxicology. 24(7): 1668-1676.
Han, R., X. Lu, G. Gao and X. Yang. 2006. Analysis of the principal components and the subordinate function of Alfalfa drought resistance. Acta Agrestia Sin. 14(2): 142-146.
Han, Y., H. Yuan, S. Huang, Z. Guo, B. Xia and J. Gu. 2007. Cadmium tolerance and accumulation by two species of Iris. Ecotoxicology. 16(8): 557-563.
Hassan, I. A. 2006. Effects of water stress and high temperature on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in Triticum aestivum L. Photosynthetica. 44(2): 312-315.
Hu, B., Y. Wan, X. Li, J. Lei, X. Luo, W. Yan and J. Xie. 2012. Analysis on genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in rice (Oryza sativa) core collection and its comprehensive assessment. Acta Agron. Sin. 38(5): 829-839.
Huang, J., H. Yu, X. Guan, G. Wang and R. Guo. 2016. Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change. Nat. Clim. Change. 6(2): 166-171.
Karamizadeh, S., S. M. Abdullah, A. A. Manaf, M. Zamani and A. Hooman. 2013. An overview of principal component analysis. J. Signal Inform. Process. 4(3B): 173-175.
Karihaloo, V., J. L. Karihaloo and A. K. Koul. 1993. Structural heterozygosity in Iris variegata L. Caryologia. 46(1): 77-85.
Kawai, T., Y. Tada, M. Shinoda, R. Tsuchiya, T. Morii, T. Suzuki and K. Tseedulam. 2014. Simple method of shallow groundwater exploration by groundwater aeration sound in semi-arid grassland. J. Arid Land Stud. 24(1):245-248.
Khalid, K. A. 2006. Influence of water stress on growth, essential oil, and chemical composition of herbs (Ocimum sp.). Int. Agrophysics. 20(4): 289-296.
Kutlu, N., R. Terzi̇, Ç. Tekeli̇, G. ŞEnel, P. Battal and A. Kadi̇oğlu. 2009. Changes in anatomical structure and levels of endogenous phytohormones during leaf rolling in Ctenanthe setosa under drought stress. Turk. J. Biol. 33(2): 115-122.
Li, D., C. Li, H. Sun, W. Wang, L. Liu and Y. Zhang. 2010. Effects of drought on soluble protein content and protective enzyme system in cotton leaves. Front. Agric. China. 4, 56–62.
Liu, Q., H. Sun and D. He. 2005. Plant responses to the high temperature and moisture stress. J. China West Normal Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. 26(4): 364-368.
Liu, T., M. Sheng, C. Wang, H. Chen, Z. Li and M. Tang. 2015. Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth, water status, and photosynthesis of hybrid poplar under drought stress and recovery. Photosynthetica. 53(2): 250-258.
Liu, Z., C. Zhang and G. Zhou. 2013. Study on principal component analysis of residents happiness index. JDCTA. 7(6): 593-600.
Ma, C., Q. Li, Y. Gao and T. Xin. 2004. Effects of silicon application on drought resistance of cucumber plants. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 50 (5): 623- 632.
Mafakheri, A., A. Siosemardeh, B. Bahramnejad, P. C. Struik and Y. Sohrabi. 2011. Effect of drought stress and subsequent recovery on protein, carbohydrate contents, catalase and peroxidase activities in three chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5(10): 1255-1260.
Mohammadkhani, N. and R. Heidari. 2008. Effects of drought stress on soluble proteins in two maize varieties. Turk. J. Biol. 32(1): 23-30.
Ohashi, Y., N. Nakayama, H. Saneoka and K. Fujita. 2006. Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and stem diameter of soybean plants. Biol. Plantarum. 50(1): 138-141.
Oybak Dönmez, E. and S. IşIk. 2008. Pollen morphology of Turkish Amaryllidaceae, Ixioliriaceae and Iridaceae. Grana. 47(1): 15-38.
Paknejad, F., M. Nasri, H. R. T. Moghadam and H. Zahedi. 2007. Effects of drought stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat cultivars. J. Biol. Sci. 7(6): 841-847.
Parr, J. F., R. I. Papendick, S. B. Hornick and D. Colacicco.1989.Use of organic amendments for increasing the productivity of arid lands. Arid Soil Res. Rehab. 3(2):149-170.
Patanè, C., D. Scordia, G. Testa and S. L. Cosentino. 2016. Physiological screening for drought tolerance in Mediterranean long-storage tomato. Plant Sci. 249: 25-34.
Pinar, N. M. and E. O. Dönmez. 2000. Pollen morphology of Turkish Iris L. (Iridaceae) with reference to evolutionary trends at the infrageneric level. Isr. J. Plant Sci. 48(2): 129-141.
Qin, P., Y. Lin, Y. Hu, K. Liu, S. Mao, Z. Li, J. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Wei and Y. Zheng.2016. Genome-wide association study of drought-related resistance traits in Aegilops tauschii. Genet. Mol. Biol. 39(3):398-407.
Rodriguez, P., A. Torrecillas, M. Morales, M. Ortuno and M. Sanchezblanco. 2005. Effects of NaCl salinity and water stress on growth and leaf water relations of Asteriscus maritimus plants. Environ. Exp. Bot. 53(2): 113-123.
Shen, D., X. Liu, D. Tang and D. Huang. 2012. Germination characteristics and heat tolerance in seeds of Spinacia oleracea L. under various high-temperature stresses. J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. Agric. Sci. 30(4): 31-38.
Shi, X., P. Mao, G. Zhang and L. Meng. 2007. The comparison of drought resistance on 15 Chinese Iris germplasm at seedling stage. Acta Agrestia Sin. 15(4): 352-358.
Shi, Y., L. Wan, J. Liu, Y. Wang, R. Guo, X. Wu and X. Li. 2010. Analysis of the principal components and the subordinate function of Lolium perenne drought resistance. Acta Agrestia Sin. 18(5): 669-672.
Soltys-Kalina, D., J. Plich, D. Strzelczyk-Zyta, J. Sliwka and W. Marczewski. 2016. The effect of drought stress on the leaf relative water content and tuber yield of a half-sib family of 'Katahdin'-derived potato cultivars. Breed Sci. 66(2): 328-331.
Teulat, B., N. Zoumarou-Wallis, B. Rotter, S. M. Ben, H. Bahri and D. This. 2003. QTL for relative water content in field-grown barley and their stability across Mediterranean environments. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108(1): 181–188.
Tian, Z., F. Wang, W. Zhang and X. Zhao. 2011. Drought-resistance evaluation of marigold cultivars based on multiple statistics analysis. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. 22(12): 3315-3320.
Wang, J., M. Zhou, R. Xu, C. Lu and Z. Huang. 2007. Studies on selecting indices and evaluation methods for barley’s (Hordeum vulgare L.) waterlogging tolerance. Sci. Agric. Sin. 40(10): 2145-2152.
Wang, J. , W. Ye, D. Wang, W. Fan and S.Wang. 2011. Germination characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of 41 accessions of cotton germplasm at seed germination stage under PEG-6000 stress. J. Plant Genet. Resour. 12(6): 840-846.
Wang, L. , G. Liu and S. Li. 2015. Comprehensive groundwater quality assessment in deyang area of sichuan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(s2): 411-414.
Wegener, C. B., G. Jansen and H. U. Jurgens. 2014. Influence of drought and wounding stress on soluble phenols and proteins in potato tubers. SAR. 3(3): 1-15.
Weng, M., L. Cui, F. Liu, M. Zhang, L. Shan, S. Yang and X. Deng. 2015. Effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes in seedlings of different wheat genotypes. Pak. J. Bot. 47(1): 49-56.
Xu, J., J. Xia and Q. Li. 2007. Database cluster preprocessing with principal component extraction. J. Shanghai Univ., Nat. Sci. 13(6): 705-710.
Yang, J., X. Zhang, Y. Peng, L. Huang, X. Liang, K. Wang, G. Yin and X. Zhao. 2014a. Osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression patterns in leaves of orchardgrass during drought stress and recovery. Grassl. Sci. 60(3): 131-141.
Yang, P., Q. Huang, G. Qin, S. Zhao and J. Zhou. 2014b. Different drought-stress responses in photosynthesis and reactive oxygen metabolism between autotetraploid and diploid rice. Photosynthetica. 52(2): 193-202.
Yasmin, H., A. Bano and S. Ullah. 2013. Sceeening of PGPR isolates from semi-arid and their implcation to alleviate drought stress. Pak. J. Bot. 45(SI): 51-58.
Zaefyzadeh, M., R. A. Quliyev, S. M. Babayeva and M. A. Abbasov.2009.The Effect of the interaction between genotypes and drought Stress on the superoxide dismutase and chlorophyll content in durum wheat landraces. Turk. J. Biol. 33(1):1-7.
Zeng, H., G. Wen, X. Luo, L. Zeng, L. Wang and J. Xu. 2016. Comprehensive evaluation of four light green roof plants on drought resistance. Pratacultural Sci. 33(6): 1084-1093.
Zhang, C. and W. Chen. 2013. Physiological-ecological responses of Iris germanica L. to Cd stress and its accumulation of Cd. Acta Ecol. Sin. 33(7):2165-2172.
Zhang, F., K. Zhang, C. Du, J. Li, Y. Xing, L. Yang and Y. Li. 2015a. Effect of drought stress on anatomical structure and chloroplast ultrastructure in leaves of sugarcane. Sugar Tech. 17(1): 41-48.
Zhang, F., Y. Wang, Z. Lou and J. Dong. 2007a. Effect of heavy metal stress on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of two mangrove plant seedlings (Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). Chemosphere. 67(1): 44-50.
Zhang, M., L. Duan, X. Tian, Z. He, J. Li, B. Wang and Z. Li. 2007b. Uniconazole-induced tolerance of soybean to water deficit stress in relation to changes in photosynthesis, hormones and antioxidant system. J. Plant Physiol. 164(6): 709-717.
Zhang, M., Z. Peng, B. Xie, F. Tan, Q. Zang, Y. Fu, C. Yang and Y. Yang. 2004. Relationship between water loss rate of cutting leaves and osmotic regulators under water stress and drought resistance in sweet potato. Sci. Agric. Sin. 37(1): 152-156.
Zhang, T., Y. Cao, Y. Chen and G. Liu. 2015b. Non-structural carbohydrate dynamics in Robinia pseudoacacia, saplings under three levels of continuous drought stress. Trees. 29(6): 1837–1849.
Zhang, Z. and Q. Yao. 2005. Application of the principle component analysis on mango storage characteristic. Subtrcpical Plants Sci. 34(2): 25-28.
Published
2017-11-04
How to Cite
Bo, W., B. Fu, G. Qin, G. Xing, and Y. Wang. “Evaluation of Drought Resistance in Iris Germanica L. Based on Subordination Function and Principal Component Analysis”. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, vol. 29, no. 10, Nov. 2017, pp. 770-8, doi:10.9755/ejfa.2017.v29.i10.1260.
Issue
Section
Regular Articles
.